【概要】
テーマ ： Detox Development: Repurposing Environmentally Harmful Subsidies
講演者 ： Jun Rentschle（世界銀行・シニアエコノミスト）
開催日時： 5月18日（木）17：00－18：40
開催場所： 早稲田大学 早稲田キャンパス 3号館３－３０５教室
開催形式： 対面
使用言語： 英語
対象 ：大学院生、教職員、研究部会員、一般
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開催時間になりましたら直接教室にお越しください。
世界銀行が環境に悪影響のある補助金（エネルギーや農業などの分野）と持続的開発に関する基幹報告書を発表するにあたり、その執筆者の
1 人である Jun Rentschler シニアエコノミストを招き、その報告書の概要を発表いただきます。
The World Bank will soon publish a major new report on sustainable development and environmentally harmful subsidies [i.e. subsidies in the energy,
agriculture and fisheries sectors], with a special focus on air pollution. We invite one of the major authors of the report to present the overview of the report.
Speaker: Jun Rentschler
(Senior Economist, Office of the Chief Economist, Sustainable Development, the World Bank)
Title: Detox Development: Repurposing Environmentally Harmful Subsidies(A major new report published by the World Bank on sustainable development environmentally harmful subsidies [i.e. subsidies in the energy, agriculture and fisheries sectors], with a special focus on air pollution.)
Abstract:
Clean air, land, and oceans are critical for human health and nutrition and underpin much of the world’s economy. Yet they suffer from degradation, poor
management, and overuse due to government subsidies.
Detox Development examines the impact of subsidies on these foundational natural assets. Explicit and implicit subsidies—estimated to exceed US$7 trillion
per year—not only promote inefficiencies but also cause much environmental harm. Poor air quality is responsible for approximately 1 in 5 deaths globally.
And as the new analyses in this report show, a significant number of these deaths can be attributed to fossil fuel subsidies. Agriculture is the largest user of
land worldwide, feeding the world and employing 1 billion people, including 78 percent of the world’s poor. But it is subsidized in ways that promote
inefficiency, inequity, and unsustainability. Subsidies are shown to drive the deterioration of water quality and increase water scarcity by incentivizing
overextraction. In addition, they are responsible for 14 percent of annual deforestation, incentivizing the production of crops that are cultivated near forests.
These subsidies are also implicated in the spread of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases, especially malaria. Finally, oceans support the world’s fisheries and
supply about 3 billion people with almost 20 percent of their protein intake from animals. Yet they are in a collective state of crisis, with more than 34 percent
of fisheries overfished, exacerbated by open-access regimes and capacity-increasing subsidies.
Although the literature on subsidies is large, this report fills significant knowledge gaps using new data and methods. In doing so, it enhances understanding
of the scale and impact of subsidies and offers solutions to reform or repurpose them in efficient and equitable ways. The aim is to enhance understanding of
the magnitude, consequences, and drivers of policy successes and failures in order to render reforms more achievable.
