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Dr. Amartya Sen (left) and President Kamata (right)<\/p><\/div>\n
Dr. Sen is an economist who has made significant impact on the development of welfare economics. Through the application of social choice theory, he has explored ways to link pure theory with public policies in order to improve social welfare and find solutions to pressing global issues such as poverty, famine, and hunger. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1998 for his achievements, namely the re-establishment of the indexes for the measure of well-being known as the Human Development Index (HDI) in the United Nations Development Programme.<\/p>\n
\u201cWaseda students and faculty have been heavily influenced by Dr. Sen\u2019s scholarship, and have integrated theoretical analysis and practical measures into their research in economics, ethics, political philosophy, legal philosophy, and regional studies to alleviate present-day concerns,\u201d said University President Kaoru Kamata in his address, as he mentioned how Dr. Sen\u2019s activities have been embodied in the education and research at Waseda.<\/p>\n
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Dr. Sen on human rights and freedom<\/p><\/div>\n
In receiving the degree, Dr. Sen expressed his gratitude, saying, \u201cThe pursuit of enlightenment has in fact been a global phenomenon. Waseda University is an inheritor of this global heritage, drawing upon Asian traditions as well as the fruits of European enlightenment. The cultivation of wisdoms remains extraordinarily important today in the precarious world in which we live. I am very proud indeed of being able to claim that I am now part of an academic community of this great university.\u201d<\/p>\n
Nobel Prize recipient says, “Those who are in a position to help have obligations to human rights”<\/h2>\n
Following the conferral ceremony, Dr. Sen delivered a commemorative lecture on the obligations to human rights. He spoke on how the idea of human rights was formally introduced in legal thinking, and the different interpretations of human rights by philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham, Thomas Paine, and Mary Wollstonecraft. He then compared the human-rights approach to ethics to utilitarian ethics, stating that the former \u201cgrounds the ethical assessment on the importance of freedom rather than utility\u201d and \u201crelates the claims of freedom to obligations that others have to advance freedoms in general, rather than leaving the utility calculus to work through people\u2019s personal morality.\u201d<\/p>\n
A human right entails substantial demands on other human beings who are in a position to help.<\/p>\n
According to Dr. Sen, one of the reasons why freedom is valuable is because it makes sure by fair processes that \u201cwe are not being forced into some state because of constraints imposed by others.\u201d To illustrate, he gave an example on how \u201cthe human right of not being tortured, which springs from the importance of being free from torture, goes with the affirmation of the need for others to consider what they can reasonably do to secure the freedom from torture at all.\u201d He said, \u201cA human right entails substantial demands on other human beings who are in a position to help,\u201d and referred to a concept under Kantian ethics known as an imperfect obligation.<\/p>\n
\u201cImperfect obligations are general duties of anyone in a position to help to consider what he or she can reasonably do in the matter involved. It is still possible that other obligations or non-obligational concerns may overwhelm the reason for the particular action in question, but that reason cannot be simply brushed away as being \u2018none of one\u2019s business.\u2019 Imperfect obligations must not be confused with no obligations at all.\u201d<\/p>\n
Lastly, Dr. Sen closed his lecture by talking about how public reasoning (a shared framework for political and social deliberation which can be endorsed by any individual) becomes important in formulating human rights to determine its normativity and political\/social relevance, saying, \u201cA human rights approach to social ethics has to take note of the importance of such critical engagement \u2018sans fronti\u00e8res (without borders).’\u201d<\/p>\n
YouTube video of the event<\/h5>\n
https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_gw4DaCBb8c<\/p>\n