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\u5bfa\u7530\u3000\u65b0\u5148\u751f\uff08Washington University School of Medicine\u3001Section of Applied Physiology\u3001\u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66\u5148\u7aef\u79d1\u5b66\u30fb\u5065\u5eb7\u533b\u7642\u878d\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u6a5f\u69cb\uff09<\/p>\n
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\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u30ca\u30c3\u30d6\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u5305\u542b\u3059\u308b\u796d\u308a\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5927\u304d\u306a\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7af6\u6280\u4f1a\u306e\u904b\u55b6\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u4eba\u3005\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u3001\u7af6\u6280\u7a7a\u9593\u306a\u3069\u7af6\u6280\u4f1a\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u5dfb\u304f\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u3082\u3042\u308f\u305b\u3066\u8003\u5bdf\u304c\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f\u4f1d\u7d71\u306a\u6c11\u65cf\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c4\u300c\u30ca\u30c3\u30d6\u30fc\u30c8\u300d\u3092\u5de1\u308b\u7dcf\u5408\u7684\u306a\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u3068\u3044\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u751f\u4f53\u96fb\u6c17\u30a4\u30f3\u30d4\u30fc\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9\u6cd5\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u7b4b\u91cf\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8171\u4f38\u9577\u91cf\u6e2c\u5b9a\u6cd5\u306e\u958b\u767a<\/p>\n
\u592a\u7530\u3081\u3050\u307f\u5148\u751f\uff08\u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c4\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u8853\u9662\u52a9\u624b\uff09<\/p>\n
\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u3084\u52a0\u9f62\u306b\u3088\u308a\u9aa8\u683c\u7b4b\u91cf\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3001\u7b4b\u91cf\uff09\u3084\u8171\u4f38\u9577\u91cf\u306f\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b4b\u91cf\u3084\u8171\u4f38\u9577\u91cf\u306e\u7c21\u4fbf\u306a\u63a8\u5b9a\u6cd5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u751f\u4f53\u96fb\u6c17\u30a4\u30f3\u30d4\u30fc\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9\uff08bio-electrical impedance\uff1aBI\uff09\u6cd5\u304c\u9069\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f<\/p>\n
\u751f\u6d3b\u7fd2\u6163\u75c5\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u30df\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30c9\u30ea\u30a2\u30b2\u30ce\u30e0\u591a\u578b\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30cf\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7<\/p>\n
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\u30df\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30c9\u30ea\u30a2\u306f\u72ec\u81ea\u306eDNA \uff08mitochondrial DNA\u3001 mtDNA\uff09\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u6838DNA\u3068\u306f\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u8907\u88fd\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001mtDNA\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u69d8\u5f0f\u306f\u6bcd\u6027\u907a\u4f1d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002mtDNA\u3092\u8a73\u7d30\u306b\u89e3\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u7d0415\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u306b\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u3067\u8a95\u751f\u3057\u305f\u4eba\u985e\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u8fbf\u3063\u3066\u65e5\u672c\u307e\u3067\u5230\u9054\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u5317\u65b9\u7d4c\u7531\u3067\u5bd2\u51b7\u306b\u9069\u5fdc\u3057\u305f\u4eba\u985e\u304b\u5426\u304b\u306a\u3069\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u308a\u7d30\u80de\u5185\u5c0f\u5668\u5b98\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30df\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30c9\u30ea\u30a2\u3082\u305d\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u9069\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u5909\u5316\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30df\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30c9\u30ea\u30a2\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u9055\u3044\u304c\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u4ee3\u8b1d\u80fd\u3092\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u7fd2\u6163\u75c5\u306a\u3069\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6613\u7f79\u60a3\u6027\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53ca\u307c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u6211\u3005\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u7fd2\u6163\u75c5\u3084\u9577\u5bff\u304a\u3088\u3073\u9678\u4e0a\u7af6\u6280\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u9078\u624b\u306a\u3069\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u306bmtDNA\u591a\u578b\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u6027\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001mtDNA\u591a\u578b\u306e\u89e3\u6790\u304b\u3089\u30df\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30c9\u30ea\u30a2\u30cf\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u30cf\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306f\u7cd6\u5c3f\u75c5\u30fb\u30e1\u30bf\u30dc\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30b7\u30f3\u30c9\u30ed\u30fc\u30e0\u304a\u3088\u3073\u9577\u5bff\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u306e\u82e5\u5e72\u540d\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308b\u304c\u30c8\u30c3\u30d7\u30a2\u30b9\u30ea\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u30df\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30c9\u30ea\u30a2\u30cf\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u305f\u3002\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u3067\u306f\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u6211\u3005\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3067\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u77e5\u898b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7d39\u4ecb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n
Environmental and Genetic Determinants of Elite Athletic Performance:Examples from Africa<\/p>\n
Robert Scott\u5148\u751f\uff08Post-doctoral Researcher, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow\uff09<\/p>\n
At every major international athletic competition, it is likely that the majority of finalists in the 100m sprint will be of west African origin, and that those enjoying success in distance running events will be of east African origin. Many explanations have been proposed for this phenomenon, including the belief that African athletes have a genetic advantage in sport. While it is becoming evident that there is a genetic component to the determination of elite athletic performance, the extent of its influence is unclear. Also, the extent to which genetic differences between populations account for inter-population differences in performance are also unknown. In this talk, I shall review the available evidence for the domination of African athletes in international sport and present data from our studies of elite African athletes investigating both environmental and genetic determinants of their success.<\/p>\n
\u5ea7\u9577<\/strong> 15\uff1a05\u3000\u5149\u5b66\u975e\u63a5\u89e6\u5f0f3\u6b21\u5143\u4eba\u4f53\u5f62\u72b6\u8a08\u6e2c\u6cd5\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u306e\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u7a4d\u306e\u63a8\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u6210<\/strong> 15\uff1a18\u3000\u82e5\u5e74\u6210\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u306e\u8eab\u4f53\u7d44\u6210\u3068\u57fa\u790e\u4ee3\u8b1d\u91cf\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066<\/strong> 15\uff1a31\u3000\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u3068\u7b4b\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u304c\u540c\u5074\u624b\u8db3\u306e\u5354\u8abf\u52d5\u4f5c\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong> 15\uff1a44\u3000\u30d7\u30ed\u91ce\u7403\u79c1\u8a2d\u5fdc\u63f4\u56e3\u306e\u6587\u5316\u8ad6\u2014\u798f\u5ca1\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30d0\u30f3\u30af\u30db\u30fc\u30af\u30b9\u2014<\/strong> 15\uff1a57\u3000\u8fd1\u4e16\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8d77\u5012\u6d41\u67d4\u8853\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u5b9f\u614b<\/strong> 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factor-1\u03b1\u306e\u4e00\u5869\u57fa\u591a\u578b\u304c\u4f4e\u9178\u7d20\u523a\u6fc0\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5fdc\u7b54\u306e\u500b\u4eba\u5dee\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong> 17\uff1a27\u3000\u643a\u5e2f\u96fb\u8a71\u306e\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305f\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u884c\u52d5\u4fc3\u9032\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u958b\u767a<\/strong> 17\uff1a40\u3000\u308f\u304c\u56fd\u306e\u7403\u6280\u7cfb\u30c8\u30c3\u30d7\u30ea\u30fc\u30b0\u89b3\u6226\u8005\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u2014\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u5206\u6790\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u89b3\u6226\u8005\u306e\u5206\u985e\u2014<\/strong> \u512a\u52dd<\/strong> \u4e8c\u4f4d<\/strong> \u4e09\u4f4d<\/strong> \u7279\u5225\u8cde<\/strong> \u4f53\u64cd\u7af6\u6280\u306e\u904b\u52d5\u6280\u8853<\/p>\n 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