{"id":1396,"date":"2023-07-26T09:11:04","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T00:11:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.waseda.jp\/fsps\/rcsports\/?p=1396"},"modified":"2023-08-25T18:00:17","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T09:00:17","slug":"%e3%81%9f%e3%82%93%e3%81%b1%e3%81%8f%e8%b3%aa%e6%91%82%e5%8f%96%e3%81%a8%e7%ad%8b%e5%8a%9b%e3%83%88%e3%83%ac%e3%83%bc%e3%83%8b%e3%83%b3%e3%82%b0%e3%81%ab%e3%82%88%e3%82%8b%e7%ad%8b%e5%8a%9b%e3%80%80-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.waseda.jp\/fsps\/rcsports\/news\/2023\/07\/26\/1396\/","title":{"rendered":"Proximal to distal sequencing impacts on maximum shoulder joint angles and the risk of impingement in baseball pitching involving a scapular independent thoracohumeral model"},"content":{"rendered":"

Abstract<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Hyperangulation of the scapulohumeral joint due to poor coordination of the scapula during throwing motion is claimed to be a major cause of internal impingement in baseball pitchers. However, kinematic evidence of hyperangulation during the pitching delivery has not been investigated either to confirm this postulation or to provide a mechanical explanation about how impingement occurs during the pitching motion. This study was conducted to locate when and how hyperangulation, or internal impingement, occurs during the pitching delivery in elite baseball pitchers.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Findings<\/strong><\/p>\n

The pelvis, thorax, and scapula rotated in the proximal-to-distal sequence. Large forearm layback observed near the end of the cocking phase (182 \u00b1 27\u00b0) was achieved with a submaximal scapulohumeral external rotation (98 \u00b1 14\u00b0). In the next 0.027 \u00b1 0.007 s, while forward thoracic rotation and then scapular rotation caused increased scapulohumeral external rotation to a maximum of 113 \u00b1 14\u00b0, humeral horizontal adduction and scapula protraction occurred simultaneously preventing the humerus from lagging further behind the scapula. Only one participant reached critical hyperangulation beyond which internal impingement was reported to occur. The findings indicate that most elite pitchers safely attained the fully cocked position, yet off-timed recoiling of scapular protraction caused hyperangulation in full-effort pitching.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Future issues<\/strong><\/p>\n

In the present study, occurrence of internal impingement was sought only in the form of hyperangulation at and near the fully cocked position. Anatomical and biomechanical evidence has demonstrated that internal impingement occurs when the arm is fully abducted (approximately 90\u00b0) without being externally rotated relative to scapula and, therefore, there is a possibility that internal impingement occurs when the arm is fully abducted at or near the end of the early cocking phase. Occurrence of internal impingement in these positions should be examined in future studies.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Researcher’s Comments<\/strong><\/p>\n

This study provided the first quantitative evidence that the scapula plays an important role in proximal-to-distal sequencing during pitching as well as in the proper and improper movement patterns of the scapula in the kinetic chain in attaining maximum joint angles at or near the fully cocked position. In addition, the findings suggest that the seemingly excessive layback position observed during pitching is, by itself, not a risk factor for shoulder internal impingement and is safely attainable by initiating sequential recoiling of the thorax, scapula, and humerus with proper timing.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Journal Information<\/strong><\/p>\n

Journal\uff1a<\/strong>Scand J Med Sci Sports
\nTitle of original paper\uff1a<\/strong>Proximal to distal sequencing impacts on maximum shoulder joint angles and the risk of impingement in baseball pitching involving a scapular independent thoracohumeral model
\nAuthors\uff1a<\/strong>Toshimasa Yanai (Waseda University), Ryan Crotin (LouisianaTech University), Tanghuizi Du (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health)
\nArticle Publication Date\uff1a<\/strong>2023
\nURL\uff1a<\/strong>https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/epdf\/10.1111\/sms.14374
\nDOI\uff1a<\/strong> 10.1111\/sms.14374<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Research Grant<\/strong><\/p>\n

research grant \uff1aJapan Society for the Promotion of Science
\nresearch representative\uff1aToshimasa Yanai<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Abstract Hyperangulation of the scapulohumeral joint due to poor coordination of the scapula during throwing m […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1397,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[51],"class_list":["post-1396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-research"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.waseda.jp\/fsps\/rcsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.waseda.jp\/fsps\/rcsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.waseda.jp\/fsps\/rcsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.waseda.jp\/fsps\/rcsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.waseda.jp\/fsps\/rcsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1396"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.waseda.jp\/fsps\/rcsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1396\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1445,"href":"https:\/\/www.waseda.jp\/fsps\/rcsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1396\/revisions\/1445"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.waseda.jp\/fsps\/rcsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1397"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.waseda.jp\/fsps\/rcsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.waseda.jp\/fsps\/rcsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1396"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.waseda.jp\/fsps\/rcsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}