{"id":8557,"date":"2023-02-15T15:39:48","date_gmt":"2023-02-15T06:39:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.waseda.jp\/fsci\/wise\/?p=8557"},"modified":"2023-02-15T15:47:42","modified_gmt":"2023-02-15T06:47:42","slug":"%e5%bd%93%e3%81%9f%e3%82%8a%e5%89%8d%e3%81%ab%e5%88%a9%e7%94%a8%e3%81%95%e3%82%8c%e3%82%8b%e7%94%bb%e5%83%8f%e9%80%9a%e4%bf%a1%e6%8a%80%e8%a1%93%e3%81%a7%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e3%81%ab-2-2-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.waseda.jp\/fsci\/wise\/other\/2023\/02\/15\/8557\/","title":{"rendered":"\u795e\u7d4c\u767a\u751f\u306e\u77e5\u898b\u3092\u751f\u304b\u3057\u3066\u795e\u7d4c\u96e3\u75c5\u306e\u6cbb\u7642\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3059 \/ Aiming to treat intractable neurological disorders by using knowledge of neuronal development\u3010\u5148\u9032\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u90e8 \u751f\u547d\u533b\u79d1\u5b66\u79d1\u30fb\u5927\u5cf6\u767b\u5fd7\u7537\u6559\u6388\u3011"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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\u795e\u7d4c\u96e3\u75c5\u306f\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u8fd1\u304f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3092\u767a\u8868\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u30de\u30a6\u30b9\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u60a3\u8005\u3055\u3093\u3084\u305d\u306e\u5bb6\u65cf\u304b\u3089\u300c\u3044\u3064\u3054\u308d\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u304b\u300d\u300c\u6cbb\u7642\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u96fb\u8a71\u3084\u624b\u7d19\u304c\u6765\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3002\u300c\u305d\u3046\u3057\u305f\u65b9\u3005\u306e\u58f0\u3092\u805e\u304f\u3068\u3001\u795e\u7d4c\u96e3\u75c5\u3092\u6cbb\u7642\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u306d\u3002\u4eca\u306f\u30a2\u30eb\u30c4\u30cf\u30a4\u30de\u30fc\u578b\u8a8d\u77e5\u75c7\u3084\u30d1\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30bd\u30f3\u75c5\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u306fALS\u306b\u3082\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u300d\uff08\u5927\u5cf6\u5148\u751f\uff09<\/p>\n

\u30d7\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb<\/h5>\n

\u5927\u5cf6\u767b\u5fd7\u7537 \u6559\u6388\uff08\u5148\u9032\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u90e8 \u751f\u547d\u533b\u79d1\u5b66\u79d1\uff09<\/p>\n

\u304a\u304a\u3057\u307e\u30fb\u3068\u3057\u304a\uff0f1962\u5e74\u751f\u307e\u308c\u30021986\u5e74\u5c71\u68a8\u533b\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u90e8\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5352\u300190\u5e74\u540c\u5927\u5b66\u9662\u535a\u58eb\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4fee\u4e86\u3002\u533b\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u300291\u5e74\u56fd\u7acb\u7cbe\u795e\u30fb\u795e\u7d4c\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u6d41\u52d5\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u300193\u5e74\u7c73\u56fd\u7acb\u885b\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08NIH\uff09\u8a2a\u554f\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u300198\u5e74\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8133\u79d1\u5b66\u7dcf\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u300104\u5e74\u540c\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u526f\u30c1\u30fc\u30e0\u30ea\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u300107\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u73fe\u8077\u300221\u5e74\u3001\u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66\u30ea\u30b5\u30fc\u30c1\u30a2\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u53d7\u8cde\u3002\u5c02\u9580\u306f\u795e\u7d4c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e00\u822c\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u795e\u7d4c\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u5c5e\u5b66\u4f1a
\n\u65e5\u672c\u795e\u7d4c\u5316\u5b66\u4f1a\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4f1a<\/p>\n

Applying the phenomena found in neuronal development to neuronal regeneration<\/h3>\n

Professor Toshio Ohshima of the Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience in the School of Advanced Science and Engineering worked as a neurology doctor for five years after he graduated from the School of Medicine at the University of Yamanashi. However, there were many diseases that were difficult to treat through neurology, and there were many with causes that were unknown at the time, so he decided to pursue basic research with the goal of treating those diseases. At first, he studied neuronal development, and since he came to Waseda University in 2007, he has been researching neuronal regeneration and the treatment of neurological disorders.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere is a lot of new knowledge surrounding neuronal development. We have been using this knowledge to work on research that will let damaged nerves regenerate from injuries such as spinal cord and optic nerve injuries. By extension, we are also working on treating neurological disorders. I believe that my originality is the application of the phenomena found in neuronal development to neuronal regeneration.” (Professor Ohshima)<\/p>\n

When the spinal cord is damaged, the nerve axons are cut off, but the root cells remain in the brain. He studied genetic changes in the brain and created and experimented with mice models that had modified genes. Through this, he found a certain gene modification that made it easier to recover from spinal cord injury. He observed similar phenomena in the optic nerve and is researching how to apply this finding to glaucoma, a disease that damages the optic nerve. However, it is difficult to apply genetic modification to treatment of humans. For that reason, the use of drugs with similar effects are considered in the treatment of humans.<\/p>\n

From the gut to the brain<\/h3>\n

One of the themes that Professor Ohshima is currently interested in is gut microbiota.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen we gave antibiotics to a model mouse with Alzheimer\u2019s disease, the amount of bacterial flora in their gut decreased. We found that when that happened, the depositions of amyloid \u03b2 protein in the brain also decreased. Amyloid \u03b2 is a substance that causes Alzheimer’s disease. Through this, we found that they improve lesions. However, the amount of amyloid \u03b2 decreased in males, but did not change much in females, so we are now analyzing gut microbiota.” (Professor Ohshima)
\nThis phenomenon is called a gut-brain interaction. For example, eating fiber-rich foods increases the amount of short-chain fatty acids in the gut. Short-chain fatty acids suppress inflammation of the brain. We still do not understand the details of the mechanism, but foods and ingredients that have such effects are called prebiotics, and their relationship with gut microbiota is being studied in various diseases.<\/p>\n

In experiments with model mice, we administered antibiotics and decreased their intestinal bacteria. We are currently working with a company to research how to change bacterial flora in intestines through food, thereby inhibiting disease progression. We were not given any details because it is a joint research project with a company, but he is also working on studying other neurological disorders in addition to Alzheimer’s disease.<\/p>\n

Lowering Hurdles through Repositioning<\/h3>\n

Professor Ohshima’s research aims to confirm the therapeutic effects in mice. The next step is to connect them to human treatment. For that purpose, he is considering repositioning, using drugs that are used for other diseases. By selecting a drug that is relatively easy to apply in a clinical setting and using mice to demonstrate that it is effective against the disease he wants to treat, he can change the application example. Since this involves the use of a drug that has already been confirmed to be safe for humans, the hurdles for clinical application can be considered low. Although he has not yet drawn a clear plan, he is eager to try it if he is approached by a pharmaceutical company that is interested in his research.<\/p>\n

Professor Ohshima says, “I am personally very interested in the areas of neurogenesis and brain development. However, there are many students in the Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience who want to do research that is useful to people and can treat diseases, and when I talk with these students, I sometimes recall the feelings I had when I was on the path of basic research and shift to themes such as neuronal regeneration and treatment of neurological disorders.”<\/p>\n

There are almost no treatments for intractable neurological disorders, and when he publishes the results of his research, even though he uses only mice in his research, he sometimes receives phone calls or letters from patients or their family saying, “When will we be able to use this?” or “I want to try this treatment.” \u201cWhen I hear those people’s voices, it makes me want to be able to treat intractable neurological diseases. We are currently focusing on Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, but I want to work on ALS in the future.” (Professor Ohshima)<\/p>\n

Profile<\/h5>\n

Professor Toshio Ohshima (Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering)<\/p>\n

Born in 1962. Graduated from the Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi in 1986 and completed a doctoral course there in 1990. Doctor of Medicine. He worked as a postdoc researcher at the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry from 1991 and a visiting researcher at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from 1993. At the RIKEN Brain Science Institute, he worked as a researcher from 1998 and a deputy team leader from 2004. He has worked at Waseda University since 2007. He won a Waseda Research Award in 2021. He specializes in general neuroscience and molecular neuroscience.<\/p>\n

Academic affiliations
\nThe Japanese Society for Neurochemistry, the Japanese Society of Neurology, the Molecular Biology Society of Japan<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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