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Quantum simulators, machines that can replicate the dynamics of quantum systems, are being built as useful devices and are seen as a stepping stone to universal quantum computers. A key difference between the two is the ability to perform the logic gates that make up computational algorithms. We propose a method for learning how to construct these gates efficiently by using the simulator to perform optimal control on itself. This bypasses two major problems of purely classical approaches: the need to have an accurate model of the system, and a classical computer more powerful than the quantum one to carry out the optimisation. For numerical simulations of up to 9 qubits with Ising interactions, this in situ approach scales polynomially in the number of qubits for different topologies suggesting that this is a practical way of upgrading quantum simulators to computers.<\/p>\n