\u3010\u6982\u8981\u3011<\/p>\n
\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u3000\uff1a Detox Development: Repurposing Environmentally Harmful Subsidies<\/p>\n
\u8b1b\u6f14\u8005\u3000\uff1a Jun Rentschle\uff08\u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\u30fb\u30b7\u30cb\u30a2\u30a8\u30b3\u30ce\u30df\u30b9\u30c8\uff09<\/p>\n
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1 \u4eba\u3067\u3042\u308b Jun Rentschler \u30b7\u30cb\u30a2\u30a8\u30b3\u30ce\u30df\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u62db\u304d\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u306e\u6982\u8981\u3092\u767a\u8868\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
The World Bank will soon publish a major new report on sustainable development and environmentally harmful subsidies [i.e. subsidies in the energy,<\/p>\n
agriculture and fisheries sectors], with a special focus on air pollution. We invite one of the major authors of the report to present the overview of the report.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Speaker: Jun Rentschler<\/p>\n
(Senior Economist, Office of the Chief Economist, Sustainable Development, the World Bank)<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Title: Detox Development: Repurposing Environmentally Harmful Subsidies(A major new report published by the World Bank on sustainable development environmentally harmful subsidies [i.e. subsidies in the energy, agriculture and fisheries sectors], with a special focus on air pollution.)<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Abstract:<\/p>\n
Clean air, land, and oceans are critical for human health and nutrition and underpin much of the world\u2019s economy. Yet they suffer from degradation, poor<\/p>\n
management, and overuse due to government subsidies.<\/p>\n
Detox Development examines the impact of subsidies on these foundational natural assets. Explicit and implicit subsidies\u2014estimated to exceed US$7 trillion<\/p>\n
per year\u2014not only promote inefficiencies but also cause much environmental harm. Poor air quality is responsible for approximately 1 in 5 deaths globally.<\/p>\n
And as the new analyses in this report show, a significant number of these deaths can be attributed to fossil fuel subsidies. Agriculture is the largest user of<\/p>\n
land worldwide, feeding the world and employing 1 billion people, including 78 percent of the world\u2019s poor. But it is subsidized in ways that promote<\/p>\n
inefficiency, inequity, and unsustainability. Subsidies are shown to drive the deterioration of water quality and increase water scarcity by incentivizing<\/p>\n
overextraction. In addition, they are responsible for 14 percent of annual deforestation, incentivizing the production of crops that are cultivated near forests.<\/p>\n
These subsidies are also implicated in the spread of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases, especially malaria. Finally, oceans support the world\u2019s fisheries and<\/p>\n
supply about 3 billion people with almost 20 percent of their protein intake from animals. Yet they are in a collective state of crisis, with more than 34 percent<\/p>\n
of fisheries overfished, exacerbated by open-access regimes and capacity-increasing subsidies.<\/p>\n
Although the literature on subsidies is large, this report fills significant knowledge gaps using new data and methods. In doing so, it enhances understanding<\/p>\n
of the scale and impact of subsidies and offers solutions to reform or repurpose them in efficient and equitable ways. The aim is to enhance understanding of<\/p>\n
the magnitude, consequences, and drivers of policy successes and failures in order to render reforms more achievable.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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