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¾ÜºÙ | GLOPE II ¥é¥ó¥Á¥¿¥¤¥à¥»¥ß¥Ê¡¼ Æü»þ¡§2010ǯ7·î13Æü¡Ê²Ð¡Ë12¡§00-13¡§00 ¾ì½ê¡§1¹æ´Û 310¶µ¼¼ ¥¿¥¤¥È¥ë¡§Youth Smoking, Schooling and Life Cycle Income in Developing Countries: Evidence from Chinese Panel Data ȯɽ¼Ô¡§¾®À¾Ë¨»á¡ÊÁá°ðÅÄÂç³Ø ¹âÅù¸¦µæ½ê ½õ¶µ¡Ë/Prof. Moe Konishi ¡ÊWaseda Institute for Advanced Study¡Ë ³µÍס§Youth smoking can biologically reduce learning productivity and discourage motivation to go to school where smoking is forbidden. Using rich longitudinal household survey data from China, the study shows that youth smoking results in poor educational performance and early dropout of school and, consequently, reduces lifetime income. Youth smoking is clearly an endogenous variable; to obtain consistent estimates of its impact, we use lagged village-level prices of cigarettes and price indices of food and clothing as instrumental variables. Since variables that measure smoking behaviors are censored for adolescents who do not smoke, we implement a two-step estimation strategy to address the issues arise from the censored endogenous regressors. The study finds that, conditional on years of schooling, smoking one cigarette per day during adolescence can lower scores on Mathematics and Chinese academic tests by about 0.1 standard deviations. Smoking one cigarette per day also reduces years of schooling by 0.015 years. Smoking 1-5 cigarettes per day could result in a 0.4-1.9% reduction in the lifetime income due to lower educational achievement and attainment. We also find strong empirical support for "parental effects" ---parental smoking significantly increases the probability of youth smoking. ¢¨º£½µ¤Î¥é¥ó¥Á¥¿¥¤¥à¥»¥ß¥Ê¡¼¤ÏÄ̾ï¤è¤ê¤â10ʬÁ᤯12»þ00ʬ¤è¤ê»Ï¤á¤Þ¤¹¡£Ä̾ï¤Î»þ´Ö¤È°Û¤Ê¤ëÅÀ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤´Î±°Õ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¤½¤ì¤Ëȼ¤¤¡¢À¯¼£·ÐºÑ³Ø´ðÁÃ¥»¥ß¥Ê¡¼¤Ï11»þ50ʬ¤Ë½ª¤¨¡¢¥é¥ó¥Á¥¿¥¤¥à¥»¥ß¥Ê¡¼¤Ë°Üư¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤À¤±¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤ª´ê¤¤¤¤¤¿¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ |
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